Effects of Integrating Drawing to the Writing Process Essay Example For Students

Effects of Integrating Drawing to the Writing Process Essay This study was conducted over an 8- week period with 20 first graders in an urban school setting. Students simply wrote on self-selected topics without drawing. During the first week students were limited to writing in a 30 minute time frame. Two weeks later students were timed for 30 minutes again and they were asked to draw and then write. Results showed that when students draw and then write their stories, their writing performance increased, Changes to their writing center occurred during this 8-week period. Hence, their feelings toward writing also increased at the end of this study as measured with a survey ND informal observations. Introduction: It seems that the Visual Arts is often a neglected aspect Of the elementary school curriculum and frequently at the top of the elimination list. According to Norris (1997) teachers are Often reluctant to bring art into the classrooms because they are faced with pressure to improve their students standardized test scores. Norris (1997) also points out that some teachers dont view themselves as being artistic, complicated by seldom having the benefit of an art teacher. Unfortunately, as lee seen it, art becomes an add on activity saved only for Friday afternoons or bad weather days when the students cant go outside for recess. In addition, if art is used, it is used in coordination with writing as an after-the-fact activity, as decoration, or illustration when stories are completed. As a first grade teacher I can attest to my students enjoyment of classroom time devoted to art activities. However, I ,like many teachers in my school, found art difficult to incorporate daily. The very few times that children had to draw were after theft written a story. Children seemed to enjoy this time of drawing but were often rushed to finish in order to share their writing. Many times I found myself saying, When you are finished writing you may draw a picture. Drawing was not stressed and at times not even required However, Graves (1983) describes drawing as an important component in childrens writing development. Lucy Calking (1983) also remarks: The act of drawing and illustration itself provide a supporting scheme inside which writing can be built. (p. 66) In addition, the only art media available on their desks were the basic eight crayons. This didnt allow for much creativity or expression in their drawing. I found their drawing to be simple and very small. Although my school doesnt eve a prescribed way Of teaching writing, Ive taught writing using the knowledge had from books or few workshops that I attended. Many workshops stressed the use Of graphic organizers as a preprinting strategy. Ive modeled using various graphic organizers but even with the use of these organizers Eve had many students express their frustration. I noticed some children struggle to get ideas to begin writing Often I heard students say, I dont know what to write. or l hate writing. This is not to say that children hate writing. On the contrary, Graves (1983) affirms the importance of childrens desire to write when e insisted, Children want to write. They want to write the first day they attend school. This is no accident. Before they went to school they marked up wall, pavement, newspaper with crayons, chalk, pens, or pencils Anything that makes a mark. (p. 21) Therefore, these levels of expressed frustration urged me to change my classroom into a more developmentally appropriate classroom. Combined both art and writing by creating a Writing/illustration Center since didnt have an art center. This center would make writing and art materials more available to them. Incorporated various art media. Also allowed my students the freedom to draw or create prior to writing. Therefore, this study attempted to answer the following questions: When writing is combined with art, would writing be improved? Will drawing before writing make writing an easier process? If so, would enthusiasm for writing be improved as well? I found this study important and valuable to teachers who are interested in searching tort ways to inspire and encourage their students, especially those students who write reluctantly. Literature Review Ive found very few researchers whom have done in depth study on the ambition of drawing and writing. One of the main researchers in this area is Janet Olson (1992) a professor in art education. Her extensive research and work with the young has suggested many benefits to the integration of drawing and writing find her research to be valuable in my own study because she explains how teachers can give students with various learning styles an opportunity to express themselves. She calls her version of this solution the visual-narrative p. 1) and feels that children can be trained to move back and forth between realms Of writing and drawing With little trouble. Olsen (1992) explains that childrens difficulty to write may stem from the fact that they are visual learners. According to her study if a child happens to be more Visual than Verbal he or she will find drawing a more enjoyable and suitable means of story -telling than writing. She says it best when she states: Unusual and verbal modes of learning can indeed be woven together in the classroom. Language need not and should no be separated from its initial component the way, all types of learners can benefit. (1 992, p. 6) Sharkskin (1996), to, suggested drawing as one of the primary ways young children communicate and should use their immunization potential to make sense of the writing process. In an article written by Karen Ernest (1997) she states that in her study, when children were allowed to draw, there an increased enthusiasm for writing and the writing was more descriptive. In addition, Norris (1997) states that the integration to drawing and writing resulted in more motivation for students to write and had fun doing it. Learning to Appreciate Reading and Writing EssayGiven choices, children can self-select drawing and writing activities that are appropriate to their needs and desires. (p. 37) observed children make various types of books from accordion books, cloud hooks, heart books etc. The children enjoyed this freedom and therefore expressed their enjoyment with the new center. I ended the study with the same survey as week l, with the exception that I added one more question about drawing. (See figure 1. 5) My focus was still on their feelings toward their writing now that the writing center had changed. Anted to see if their feelings toward writing had changed since the beginning of this study. Results The data obtained by the survey at the beginning of the study showed that 3 out of 20 felt that they liked writing, 14 out of 20 said that they felt O. K about writing and 3 did not like writing at all. At the end Of the study their feelings hanged results in 16 out of 20 students liked writi ng, 4 out of 20 felt K, and no one said that they did not like writing. (See figure 1. 6) Another data obtained was the writing rubric on the first week with no drawing. This resulted in some interesting results. The number Of available points for the writing rubric was 18 points. The writing was graded and averaged. The average of the writing with no drawing was 9. 3 out of 18 available points. Then two weeks later conducted the same study but this time students were to draw first then write. Used the same rubric and the scoring was the same. The class average this time was 13. 6 out of B available points. This showed an increase in class writing average. This suggested that drawing prior to writing improved their writing performance. The three dependent variables were organization, mechanics, and creativity in the student. Tidied these results in depth by calculating how many students scored in each area they just wrote. The criterion was scored as: outstanding, very good, good, fair, weak, and poor. Tooth students scored weak in organizational skills. Most students scored fair in mechanical skills and most students scored fair in creativity. See figure 1. 7) When the children drew and then wrote their stories, most of the students scored very good in organizational skills, Most students scored good in mechanics and most students scored very good in Alexis this part sounds weird Based on the graph Im not sure how to say Discussion This study suggested that there is a relationship between drawing and writing. First, this study answered my question if children would find enthusiasm with writing. The survey suggested that the students feeling toward writing the center changed at the end Of the study. This suggested that the changes allowed students the freedom to create and draw on their own when the center was changed from simply a writing center too Writing/illustration center. This increased their feelings toward writing in general. This study also answered if drawing prior to writing would make writing an easier process and if the writing would improve. The findings did show an increase in the class writing average. Children as well seemed to enjoy drawing their pictures and writing about them. The writing showed a wealth of information about how drawing made their writing an easier process. Found that a major increase was the organizational kills along with their creativity, I found this to be an interesting finding because many researchers stressed drawing as a pre-writing activity. Olson , 1992; Norris, 1997; Ernst, 1997; Johnson, 1 999), This seemed to have benefited my students when allowed them to draw first. The drawing seemed to increase their organization of ideas by allowing students to focus on having a good beginning middle and end to their story. I also observed that children tended to write more and write more creatively, I accidentally found that most of my students when they were asked to write without drawing, their writings tended o be more non-fictional writing, On the contrary, when they drew first most of them wrote fictional stories. These results changed my teaching and how view the writing process. As Janet Olson ((1992) says: leaches need to understand and incorporate visual thinking and visual learning strategies in conventional teaching methods in order to make it possible for both types Of learners to reach their full language potential. (p. 6) I have changed the writing center to 3 Writing/illustration center and this change actually had a great impact on my students. The greatest impact that this study is the improvement in the attitude award writing and the actual writing process. There was a particular child whom thought could have a learning disability. He disliked writing and would hardly write at least 3 sentences. When I asked the class to draw and then write, a wonderful transformation occurred. He is a natural artist and is a visual learner. The drawing helped him organize his ideas and they became very creative. He also showed enthusiasm toward the new writing/ illustration center. Limitation and Implications for Future Study The findings in this study are limited to the classroom setting and the group to children I studied.